Neo Shamanism, Organ Transplants, Ayurveda, And...

Our group chose ethnomedicine for our digital poster, bringing together the topics of neo-shamanism, organ transplants in biomedical organ transplants, Ayurveda, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In discussing potential intersectionality between our areas of interest, we quickly recognized a continuum that placed biomedicine—as a mechanistically informed approach focusing on individuals and pathologies—on one end of the spectrum, and shamanism—with its focus on the ‘unseen’ aspects of existence and the vital connection of all life forms (fig. 4)—at the other. The highly systemized nature of TCM and its emphasis on the mechanisms of physiology, pathologies and the anatomical system placed it next to biomedicine on the continuum; Ayurveda was closest to shamanism in our assessment, due to a more explicit acknowledgment of the interaction between the mental, personality and physical aspects of health. While this provided a base of compariso n, we struggled with creating a theme that could portray the idea in a meaningful way—why is this continuum from biomechanical to spiritual important? How does it impact the lives of human beings? It was upon reflection on the mind/body dichotomy that we glimpsed insight suitable for a narrative; playing on the concept of body parts (fig. 1) in light of Jonathan’s focus on transplants, Kalycia brought up Frankenstein. TCM’s theory of qi offered an analogous relationship to Dr. Frankenstein’s use of electricity in animating his

The Constitution Of The United States - 972 Words

The constitution, the governing document of the United States, virtually perfect in its creation and given life through the thoughts, worries, and dreams of a few great and very intelligent men, it can be said to be the living law of the land, one that has grown and matured with society and the world of today. This document has performed amazingly in its ability to represent the people of its time and to allow room for interpretation of law in combination with society to allow it to continue to represent the people of the future. Created out of the desperation to preserve a struggling country, this document has been mirrored by others in order to create or recreate governments in many parts of the world. Still, despite of this, it seems that many in power within the United States at this time appear to struggle with the proper interpretation of this living law of the land, and instead manipulate government to achieve personnel agendas or personnel benefit in some fashion, while turni ng a near blind eye to any influence of constitutionality. So, in response to this, I feel that three amendments should be added to this great document, one out of the spirit of redundancy to illustrate the obvious, and the other two out of necessity to address issues of integrity and stability within government and society. These amendments reflect the issues of term limits to those within Congress, a religious freedom protection clause, and an American Integrity clause; the effects andShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Examples Of Important Trade Offs - 1387 Words

Gino Palummo Microeconomics Final Due: 12/12/15 1. Examples of important trade-offs that I face in my life†¦ - To go out with my friends or to stay in and study. - Whether to take a nap or do my homework. - To buy a new car or to save my money. 2. a) Economists make assumptions to simplify a complicated world to make it easier to understand and to focus our thinking to the importance of the problem. If we focus on what we are really looking for it will make coming up with a solution much easier. b) Economists sometimes offer conflicting advice to policy makers because each economist might have a different view on any situation depending on their religion, political view, etc. c) An economic model cannot describe reality because it would be too hard to understand. A model is simplified to show what is the most important. 3. a) No, economic output did not start growing faster than the population from the beginning of the human inhabitation of the earth because rapid and sustained economic growth is a modern phenomenon. b) Modern economic growth began with the Industrial Revolution in 1760. c) No, all of the world’s nations did not experience the same extent of modern economic growth because the vast differences in living standards seen today between rich and poor countries are almost entirely the result of the fact that only some countries have experienced modern economic growth. 4. a) The difference between macroeconomics and microeconomics is thatShow MoreRelatedOperational Effectiveness Is Not Strategy1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world of business today, rivals can quickly copy market position, and competitive advantage is temporary. The problem is the failure to distinguish between operational effectiveness and strategy. Operational effectiveness and strategy are very important but they work in very different ways. A company can outperform rivals only if they can deliver greater value to customers or create comparable value at a lower cost, or do both. We can have cost advantage if we perform particular activities moreRead MoreGscm550 Week1 Study Questions818 Words   |  4 Pages1: Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics. According to Bowersox (2012) â€Å"trade-offs between procurement, manufacturing, and logistics is to understand that the trade-off is between the cost and risk associated with anticipatory manufacturing and the loss of economy of scale resulting from introducing flexible procedures†. The illustration of trade-off that occurs between the functional areas of logistics, the common trade-offs discussed in our textbookRead MoreQuestions On Problems And Applications1473 Words   |  6 Pages1,5,6,8,11 Chapter 1 Give three examples of important trade-offs that you face in your life. Some examples of trade-offs that I face in my life are rather I should go to sleep early or adding another hour of studying for a test. Another trade-off was that if I should watch some shows online or study more for the final. The last trade-off is when I could spend my money to go out to eat or I could save my money and eat at home. 5. Why isn t trade among counties like a game with someRead MoreWhat Is International Trade?1669 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is international Trade? International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories, which could involve the activities of the government and individual. In most countries, such trade represents a significant share of gross domestic product (GDP). This type of trade allows for a greater competition and more competitive pricing in the market. The competition results in more affordable products for the consumer. The exchange of goods also affectsRead MoreQuestions On Common Types Of Contracts1061 Words   |  5 Pagesselection process, once established, the type of contract selected can have a significant influence on the decision making process related to the trade-off of the triple constraints of cost, time, and performance (Kerzner, 2013). This paper will briefly explain five common types of contracts focusing primarily on how each type can affect project constraint trade-off. Common Types of Contracts There are two general types of contracts: fixed price and cost reimbursable, with each main type having severalRead MoreEssay on Globalization and Localization in International Politics951 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States today it is very easy to see the influence of international companies and customs within everyday life. From cars to food, trade and investment from other countries is very important to the American economy. Likewise, American influences are important internationally as well. This aspect of the international economy is commonly called globalization. Globalization, as defined by James N. Rosenau in his article The Complexities and Contradictions of Globalization, simply describesRead MoreWTO Essay792 Words   |  4 Pagesthat I was hoping to answer in this paper. In a world of turbulent econmic conditions it is important to no which organizations are responsible for what changes take place. There are many different organizations that affect many different things in our society and the global society and the WTO is one of them. The WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. This organization deals with agreements that are negotiated and signed byRead MorePersonal Economic Decisions1455 Words   |  6 Pageswill list and explain these. I will also provide and an example of a decision that I have made in my personal experiences and what impact that has had or could have had if I had chosen to make a different decision. While each decision we make may not have an impact on the economy, the economy certainly comes into consideration when making any type of financial decision. The Four Principles of Economics Principle One: People Face Trade Offs â€Å"The first lesson about making decisions is summarized inRead MoreAre the Precepts of the IBM Training Program Consistent with the Concepts in This Chapter? Why or Why Not?859 Words   |  4 Pages1. The precepts of the IBM training program are consistent with the concepts in this chapter because there are a lot of consensuses. There are for example power, which is according to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes† (p.420) and the power tactics, which are, according to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions† (p.425). There are different power tactics an individualRead MoreEssay Employee Organisations Unions697 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Organisations Unions If employers and employees have a history of good working relationship and mutual trust, reaching decisions, which are fair under the circumstances, would be achievable. For example, if the business is poor and redundancies are possible, it would be impossible to find a solution to suit everyone so the employer would have to make a difficult decision. Good relations between employers and employees are only possible if both feel that they can discuss major

Business Management And My Dream Job - 1518 Words

During my sophomore year in high school, I made up my mind, I wanted to study business. My uncle owns his own business, he took me to work with him one day ever since then I have been in love with the concept of being your own boss. Although I didn’t really understood at the time what the job required or was about. The environment felt so natural and positive. As I got older and started looking more into it really felt like something suited for me that is why I choose this career. My major is Business Management and my dream job is to become a Management Analyst. A bachelor degree is needed for entry level job as a management analyst, however most employers prefer to hire management analyst who has a Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA). Psychology is one of the required courses needed to get a business management, the others are Accounting, Intro Contemporary Business, business law, principles of marketing, public speaking, Principles of Sociology, Intro to Computer Applications Introductory Technical and Business Writing, the Dynamics of Communication. I truly believe that psychology will help me greatly in the field of business management the reason for that being, we learned a lot this semester of all things we learning how to deal with stress had to be one my favorite. I plan on entering a field where the stress level is way above average, so therefore I will apply the techniques we used in class. What is a management analysis? Management analysts, alsoShow MoreRelatedBusiness Management And My Dream Job999 Words   |  4 PagesDuring my sophomore year in high school I made up my mind I wanted to study business. My uncle owns his own business, he took me to work with him one day ever since then I have been in love with the concept of being your own boss. Although I didn t really understood at the time what the job required or was about. the environment felt so natural and positive.As I got older and started looking more into it really felt like something suitied for me.Thats why i choose this carreer. My major is BusinessRead MoreSteve Job s Interview Online922 Words   |  4 Pages Career Goal Purohit, Priyabrata When I see Steve Job’s interview online or in Television, I get very motivated. I got inspired from him and therefore I have a dream to become an entrepreneur in future. During my undergraduate, I did two internships .My first internship was at Siemens Ltd. and I worked with 5 other team members. One of them was the project manager. I used to see him that he manages the whole project by assigning tasks, interacting with theRead MoreMy Strengths And Weaknesses Of My Career1140 Words   |  5 Pageswith what I wanted to do with my life but I was not fully sure. Now I have learned what some of the majors I was interested in are about. Knowing what the majors are about helped me narrow the options down. Also, I have learned more about my strengths and weaknesses. This told me what majors would suit me better to my strengths and weaknesses. Throughout the process of the MyPlan, I have learned my strengths and weaknesses, personality and traits, more occupations, dream career, and a genogram. StrengthsRead MoreBusiness Foundations And Professional Goals Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Foundations has helped me in pursuing my academic and professional goals. My academic goals are to be able to learn as much as I can about in business which will lead me to a successful professional career in the business field. This class will assist in my goals of academics because it gave me a foundation of all the different disciplines in business. Business Foundations was a building block of my future classes that I will take in my academic career in order to graduate with a BBA inRead MoreCreating Your Dream Job1262 Words   |  6 PagesCreating Your Dream Job Tanishia Skipper Denise Frevert Human Resource Management December 2, 2012 Create a job description and specifications for your dream job. My dream job would be a fashion buyer (you may know it as apparel buyer). I have always love high end fashion. As a child I would go into my mom’s closet and dress myself with her jewelry, pumps and different high end clothes. My mother always had different designer closes and shoes. I do believe that is where I began to loveRead MoreCase Study : Behind The Business World1201 Words   |  5 PagesBehind the Business World My mother, an immigrant, has always been one to dream big. She told me that since I was born in America, I’d have opportunities that she never had. She always believed that I was the one who would be successful. As a huge â€Å"mommy’s boy† I’ve always felt it was my obligation to help her fulfill her dreams. In August of 2012, I helped her to finally make her dream of starting her own business a reality, Mally House Cleaning Services was the result. While the company is justRead MoreMy Career Goals And Objectives Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a Management PhD program one day. My dream was to become an electrical engineer but another thing was perfectly destined and planned for me. It has all started during my last year in the college. I was majoring electrical engineering and I took a project management course. This course has changed all my goals and objectives. I have become really impressed by how it could be so important to simulate and optimi ze process, and how that can save much money, time and resources. Unconsciously my careerRead MoreA Personal Statement On Business Management860 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness owners run this world, besides older people. Entrepreneur have responsibilities like no other job in the american nation. They employ everybody no matter the field. â€Å"Owning a vision† is the motivation that runs an organization to its highest point in power, or to the dirty ground (5). If you have the power to vision, use the same power to create that vision. â€Å"Providing the proper resources and build a culture† is another primary responsibility of an entrepreneur and is key (5). ChoosingRead MoreA Personal Statement On Business Management860 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness owners run this world, besides senior people. Entrepreneur has responsibilities like no other job in the American nation. They employ everybody, no matter the field. â€Å"Owning a vision† is the motivation that runs an organization to its highest point in power, or to the dirty ground (5). If you have the power to vision, use the same power to create that vision. â€Å"Providing the proper resources and build a culture† is another primary responsibility of an entrepreneur and is key (5). ChoosingRead MoreShort Story : My Sun Devil Story763 Words   |  4 PagesMy Sun Devil Story There are a variety of factors that play a part in what makes us unique. Whether it be where we are from, our family, or religious beliefs, everyone is different in their own way. For me, I was raised in Glendale Arizona and went to a small private high school. Over the past eighteen years, I became very familiar with streets, stores, and houses so there will always be a part of me in my hometown. However, Christianity had a huge impact on making me the person I am today. Growing

National Security Strategy Comparison Free Essays

Mid-Term Essay – Compare/Contrast European Security Strategy (ESS) with US National Security Strategy (NSS) By James E. McDonald Regional/Cultural Studies Lesson 03 24 Mar 2013 Instructor: Col (ret) Frank Belote Air Command and Staff College Distance Learning Maxwell AFB, AL The Security Strategy of the United States has marked similarities and differences to the Security Strategy of Europe. This can be effectively traced to the similarities and differences between the two cultures themselves, particularly in the cultural factors of religion, modernization, ethnicity/nationalism, and geography. We will write a custom essay sample on National Security Strategy Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now The US and Europe have different responses to the modernization of warfare from traditional (ships, armies, tanks, aircraft) to â€Å"asymmetrical† (terrorism, cyber-warfare), largely from differences in geography: With the notable exceptions of Pearl Harbor and the World Trade Center, our enemy threat has been thousands of miles away, while Europe has seen two bloody â€Å"world wars† and acts of terror committed right on home soil. However, for the purposes of this paper, I will focus on religion and ethnicity/nationalism, and how these two factors affect strategic culture. Culture is important. It defines what’s important to a group, or nation. It emerges in stated doctrine, laws, strategy. It defines who we ARE. There are common views, interests, priorities, and verbiage in both Security Strategic documents. Major powers are at peace. The world economy has grown; globalism is increasingly important. We must reduce dependency on foreign energy. We have a commitment to alliance with each other (US and Europe) via NATO (Obama, 2010, 1-9) (European Security Strategy, 2003, 2-14). NATO has made a strong tie between the US and Europe since it was created to contain the Soviets, integrating Europe and the United States politically and militarily (Friedman, 2011, 1). In fact, â€Å"For any kind of military planning and operations with regard to Russia, the Europeans will prefer to act through NATO rather than the EU. † (Valesek, 2008, 1) In contrast to the above commonalities, the United States document, while acknowledging that â€Å"no one nation—no matter how powerful—can meet global challenges alone†, repeatedly shows glimpses of â€Å"Nationalist† overtones with statements such as, â€Å"Our country possesses the attributes that have supported our leadership for decades—sturdy alliances, an unmatched military, the world’s largest economy, a strong and evolving democracy, and a dynamic citizenry. † (Obama, 2010, 1-9). The European document, on the other hand, openly and repeatedly calls for â€Å"Unification† and â€Å"Cooperation† (European Security Strategy, 2003, 1-8). The United States can draw from European religious history and ethnic origin, which gives it some cultural similarities. At the same time, the birth of our nation was so much more recent, and so dramatically different from the beginning of European history, that it’s no wonder there are fundamental differences in culture. Even before the Declaration of Independence (â€Å"God† and â€Å"truth† referenced) or the US Constitution were drafted (â€Å"freedom of religion†), early America was rooted in Christianity. The first Pilgrims fled religious persecution in Europe. Christian doctrine has been quoted in speeches given by American leaders from the beginning (Governor John Walthrop, Massachusetts Governor, 1630), to recent/present-day Presidents (Reagan, GW Bush, Obama), The United States has been referred to as something â€Å"different†, a shining example all the world to see and emulate, a â€Å"city on a hill†. (Walthrop, 1630, 1). America, from its beginnings to today, while welcoming diversity, continues to be a predominately Christian culture, allowing for religious overtones in national documents (mostly visible through reference to â€Å"values†, and â€Å"truth†). Europe on the other hand, in its challenge to unify the 27 countries that form the European Union (Rosenberg, 2011, 1), must tread lightly so as not to alienate or anger any portion of the contemporary combination of Christian, Muslim, and â€Å"Secular† cultures (Rubenstein, 2011, 1). Both the US and Europe are ethnically and racially diverse. Many marvel at the ability to retain direction and focus in the face of such diversity. Early America molded immigrants into a â€Å"melting pot†, mixing historical roots into a soup that became distinctly â€Å"American†. Nowadays, the preference is to hold on to ethnic differences and describe the result as a â€Å"mosaic† or â€Å"salad bowl† – separate pieces that, when viewed as a whole, create a larger picture (Branigin, 1998). In spite of this recent shift to retain ethnic individuality, America seems to successfully categorize this into its frontiersman â€Å"rugged individualist† mentality, yet in shunning division along racial lines, manages to successfully embrace all groups into a sense of singular â€Å"nationalism†. Europe on the other hand, struggles to balance 27 nations, each with their own sense of nationalism, without giving significant preference to any one culture. The ultimate impact of these religious and ethnic/nationalistic differences is that, yes, the US National Security Strategy reads differently than the European Security Strategy. The variance in background results in different wording and stance, different reasons for why we do what we do, and the desired result. This can cause misunderstanding, and even distrust between these two great entities. However, it’s important to conclude that overall, we BOTH have the same ultimate intent: a continued commitment to trans-atlantic relationship, globalized economy, reduced dependency on foreign energy, and, most importantly, peace and security to our world (Obama, 2010, 1-9) (European Security Strategy, 2003, 2-14). In conclusion, many world researchers (including Samuel P Huntington in his map of â€Å"The World of Civilizations†), when identifying cultural categories in the world, group the US, Canada, Greenland, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand as â€Å"the West† (Huntington, 1997, 26). Due to the emphasis on strong religious roots, belief in right, manifest destiny, and ethnic diversity in the United States, our stated objectives and self-identified role in the world is unique. However, overall, European – US strategy and culture are not so remarkably different. BIBLIOGRAPHY Branigin, William, â€Å"The Myth of the Melting Pot: America’s Racial and Ethnic Divides. Immigrants Shunning Idea of Assimilation† (Washington, DC: Washington Post, 25 May 1998), http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/national/longterm/meltingpot/melt0525a. htm European Security Strategy, A Secure Europe in a Better World, (Brussels, 12 December 2003), 2-14 Friedman, George, â€Å"The Crisis of Europe and European Nationalism† (Austin, TX: StratFor Global Intelligence, 13 September 2011), 1, http://www. stratfor. com/weekly/20110912-crisis-europe-and-european-nationalism Huntington, Samuel P. , â€Å"The World of Civilizations† The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York, NY: Touchstone, 1997), 26-27 Obama, Barack, National Security Strategy (Washington, DC: Whitehouse Archives, 2010), 1-9 Rosenberg, Matt, â€Å"European Union Countries† (About. com, 09 December 2011), 1, http://geography. about. com/od/lists/a/eumembers. htm Rubenstein, Richard L. , â€Å"Islam and Christianity: The Roots of Europe’s Religious Identity† (New English Review, December 2011), 1, http://www. newenglishreview. org/custpage. cfm/frm/102790/sec_id/102790 Valesek, Tomas, â€Å"Europe’s Defence and its New Security Strategy† (Center for European Reform Bulletin: London, England, Dec 2007-Jan 2008), 1, http://gees. org/documentos/Documen-02705. pdf Walthrop, John, â€Å"Modell of Christian Charity† (Massachusetts, 1630), 1, How to cite National Security Strategy Comparison, Essay examples

Structural Analysis for Cantilever Truss- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theStructural Analysis for Cantilever Truss. Answer: Forces in Statistically Determinate Cantilever Truss Introduction This experiment examines determinate or indeterminate trusses in redundancy besides enabling theoretical and practical analysis of principles for structures which are both determinate and indeterminate(Kassimali, 2014). A fixed framework which is composed of two members in which one of them is redundant is mounted in pinned support at one end and a roller support at the other end. The redundant member cannot prevent the structure from falling even though it can be part of the structure. The other member is a ring through which the redundant member passes ensuring all members are lying on the same plane. Electronic loading cells are used in applying loads and the forces measured using digital force display. Deflections in the framework are determined by a displacement reading meter(Menon, 2009). The force of each member can be estimated using the strain, Young's modulus and the cross-sectional area of the member. The experiment has been done in two parts: Engaging the redundant member in which we analyzed the structure as determinate Without engaging redundant member in which the cantilever truss acted as an indeterminate structural member. Theory A truss system is a structure made up of slender members joined at their ends and is often constructed using channels, wooden struts, angles and metal bars in which the end members are either welded or bolted together. The sum of the vertical forces, horizontal forces and the moments must be zero for a truss system to be statistically determinate and the equation b+r=2j is used to determine whether a truss system is determinate or not(Faraji, 2016). If b+r2j, the truss is said to be statistically indeterminate while if b+r2j then the truss system is unstable implying there arent enough reactions to constrain all the joints. Procedure The truss system is loaded in two situations-determinate with seven members and indeterminate using eight members. The loading starts at 50N and is increased by 50N each time up to 250N. Strain Gauges are used in measuring the internal forces of the members and the strain gauges used in calculating the displacement of the members. The equipment software is used in recording the values of the strain at each member. The internal forces of each member are calculated using strain, Young's modulus, and cross-sectional area. The final results for both truss situations are saved(Raikar, 2011). References Faraji, S. (2016). Fundamentals of Structural Engineering. Kansas: Springer. Karnovsky, I. A. (2010). Advanced Methods of Structural Analysis. New York: Springer Science Business Media. Kassimali, A. (2014). Structural Analysis. Kansas: Structural Analysis. Megson, T. (2005). Structural and Stress Analysis. London: Butterworth-Heinemann. Menon, D. (2009). Advanced Structural Analysis. London: Alpha Science International. Raikar, R. V. (2011). Elements of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Statistical Mechanics and its Applications †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Mechanics and its Applications. Answer: Introduction Since the introduction of flight in 1903, air travel has become a crucial mean of transport for populace and goods. The hundred-plus years after the development of the foremost aircraft have brought about an uprising in the method people journey. The airlines industry is a major industry that has helped a lot of countries to shape their economies (Chang et al. 2014). This industry has become important not only as a faster way of haulage but also as a way of making a living. Today, the global airlines industry includes more than 2000 airlines operating more than 39,000 aircrafts that are responsible for providing services to over 5000 airports (Belobaba et al. 2015). In the case of the US airlines industry, approximately 100 proficient passenger airlines companies are operating in the country. They are responsible for over 12 million flight departures per year and carry over nearly one-third of the worlds total air traffic. This airlines industry has direct impacts on the employment r ate of the country along with impacts on company profitability and economy of the country. Some areas that are indirectly impacted by the airlines industry in the US are aircraft manufacturing industry, airports, tourism industry and hotel industry. According to Dana et al. (2017), commercial aviation in the United States of America normally contributes 8 percent of the countrys Gross Domestic Product. However, this airline industry is not able to experience higher amount of profitability for several reasons. This report will focus on the factors that are preventing the US airlines industry to improve its profitability. Based on those factors, a strategy will be recommended so that the US airlines industry can increase its overall profitability in the future. At the beginning of 20th century, the management strategies and practices of US airlines industry were essentially changed mainly due to deregulation, liberalization and competition. All the airlines organizations started to focus on cost management and productivity enhancement (Mallikarjun 2015). In the past, the airlines companies used to take advantage of scale economies through internal growth and/or mergers. However, the government became concerned about industry consolidation and as a result, further mergers became less likely. During the period of 2001, the airlines industry of the US experienced a major crisis mostly because of economic downturn that reached critical proportions after the terror attack of September 11, 2001 (Dai et al. 2014). Since then the US airlines industry has made tremendous improvements. In order to understand the current scenario of the US airlines industry, three aspects can be described which are Hub and Spoke model, unique cost structure and top costs and drivers (Scotti and Dresner 2015). Hub and Spoke Model: Network Carrier: It provides most of the flights from at least on hub, where adjourning flights are made. Regional Carrier: It delivers airlines services to small cities. Hub: Airport network carriers are used as a transfer point to get passengers to their anticipated destinations. Spoke: These airports are mainly served by regional or contracted airlines that assist a hub with connecting flights. Labor cost (32%): It is a highly unionized industry where there are high wage premiums and long-term union contracts. However, right after the deregulation non-union competitors emerged. On the other hand, unions were challenged by bankruptcies for wage concessions (Zou et al. 2014). Fuel cost (18%): It includes price of crude oil, fuel burn efficiency of aircrafts, route flown and circumvent with forward contracts. Aircraft leasing cost (3%): This cost is associated with the aircrafts that are operational through leasing procedures. Within this part three attributes are majority fixed cost (aircrafts are purchased or leased, fuel and labor cost, leasing space from airports), minority variable costs and aim to improve customer load factor. In the US, there are mainly three types of airlines that include four major carriers. Those four carriers are dominating nearly 70% of the total market share in the US airline industry. These four major carriers are also offering full service to the consumers without asking for any type of extra charges (Hannigan et al. 2015). Those three types of airlines are major airlines, low cost carriers and regional airlines. Type of airline Explanation Distinctive factors Market share (per airline) Major Airline These are known as the full service airlines that has various hubs and destinations to all 50 states. Fares for these type of airlines include baggage, food and other costs. Hubs, large market share, prices are higher, all-inclusive pricing. 14%-20% Low cost carriers These types of low cost carriers mostly focus on delivering cheap flights to most of the states of the country. Homogeneous aircrafts are used by these airline organizations along with no frills ticket pricing model to remove unnecessary costs. Ticket prices are lower, fleets are homogeneous, no hub and spoke, no frills pricing. 1%-5% Regional airlines These types of airlines only serve within a particular geographic area with the United States. Regional airline organizations are generally small and most of the times operate for some major airlines. Centered to region, Most of the times operate as a part of larger airline companies. Less than 2% A competitive forces analysis of the industry In order to conduct a competitive forces analysis on the US airline industry, Porters five forces analysis is provided below. Supplier power (High): In the airlines industry of the United States of America, the power of suppliers is immense. This is due to the reality that three inputs that the airlines have in stipulations of fuel, aircrafts and employment. All of these factors are exaggerated by the peripheral atmosphere. For example, the outlay of aviation fuel can experience fluctuation in the worldwide market for oil, which can rotate riotously as a result of geopolitical and other factors (Borenstein and Rose 2014). On the other hand, labor force entirely depends on the power of the unions who are responsible for bargaining and receiving irrational and expensive concessions from the airlines organizations. Besides, the airlines organizations need aircrafts either on absolute sale or wet lease base. That clearly indicates that airlines organizations are bound to have trust on the two big organizations which are Airbus and Boeing for their aircraft requirements. That is why; the supremacy of suppliers i n conditions of the three inputs required for them is categorized as towering. Buyer power (Moderate to high): With the introduction of online ticketing and allotment systems, consumers are no longer depending on the agents and mediators as well as the airlines for fulfilling the ticketing necessities. On the other hand, the growth and popularity of low cost carriers in the US airlines industry along with the ensuing price wars has also helped the consumers. Besides, the rigid governmental rules and regulations are also protecting the passengers and fliers which have tipped the balance of power in the favor of the consumers (Bazargan et al. 2013). As a result, it can be stated that the buyer power in the airlines industry of the US is moderate to high. In addition, the buyers are also allowed to engage in price discovery. It means now the passengers nowadays are absolutely not bothered about the ticket price as they have numerous options and channels via which they can book their tickets. Besides, as low cost carriers are offering exemplary low prices for air t ravel, the consumers are slowly but steadily shifting towards those airlines organizations. It has forced the major airlines to reduce their ticket prices to retain the existing consumers (Barla 2013). From this scenario it is again clear that consumers hold a great amount of power in the airlines industry of the US. Entry and exist barriers (High): Any organization that wishes to join the US airlines industry will need huge capital investment. Even when an organization will exit the sector, it will have to write down and soak up many fatalities. It clearly indicates that the entry and exit barriers are high for the airlines industry. In order to enter in the airlines industry of the Unites States, it is required to have a high infusion or capital; therefore, it is not easy for everyone to enter in this industry (Brueckner et al. 2013). Along with high capital, sophisticated knowledge and expertise is also required in order to enter this industry which is again not easy to have. On the other hand, exist barriers are subjected to rules and regulations. Policies in the United States of America never allow the airlines companies to depart easily except they are fully contented that there are authentic business reasons. Moreover, the airlines industry of the United States of America leverages the eff icacies and the synergies from the economies of scale and therefore; the barriers to entry is high. Threat of substitutes and complementarities (Low to moderate): The airline industry of the United States has minimum amount of threat from substitutes and complementarities. For long term journeys, consumers prefer air travel rather than travelling via bus or train. Therefore, flying is the natural occurrence for the consumers of the US. Therefore, the impact of bus and trains as substitutes is low (Baker 2013). However, some Americans also love to travel by their cars for long distances which can become a threat for the airlines industry in the near future. On the other hand, as for complementarities, the services like free Wi-Fi, a la carte meals and passenger facilities that are offered by full service airline companies does not attract higher amount of consumers. Passengers are mostly attracted by lower fares than these extra facilities. Lower cost for flying the same amount of distance is provided by the lost cost airlines. Therefore, the chances are high that consumers will shi ft from large airline companies to low cost airline companies (Lu et al. 2014). However, it is also true that in the US, low cost airlines do not cover all the states which will force the consumers to use full service airlines organizations. Intensity of competitive rivalry (High): The airline industry in the United States is tremendously spirited mainly because of the entry of low cost carrier airlines. On the other hand, the rules and regulations related to passenger safety are tightening regularly. As a result, operating expenses are rising normally. Additionally, in order to gain competitive advantage, some airlines companies are using highly modified safety accessories which are again increasing their overall operational costs. Besides, the airlines industry of the US is synchronized on the supply side more than the stipulate side (Keiningham et al. 2014). It means that airlines companies are cannot chose which markets to function and which segments to target where passengers are pampered by the regulators and they have the full right to chose which airline company they want to avail (Lin and Ban 2014). This is main reason that the low lost carriers have successfully grounded the full service airlines. Besides, the online pricing war is also fierce for the airlines companies of the US which is also affecting the profitability of organizations. In spite of these figures that are showing that the airlines industry of the United States is growing, according to (Lu et al. 2014), it still remains less profitable than other airline industries. Identifying strategies for airline profitability According to International Air Transport Association (IATA), the US airline industry is expected to double its profits in 2017-2018 due to cheap oil price and increased demand for air travel. However, it is recommended to invest in fast growth carriers. The reasons behind such investment are hereby mentioned below. Favorable crude oil prices Low oil prices are continuing to benefit bottom line. Free up capital for investments in growth Consolidation among carriers Alaskan airlines and Virgin has merged to improve ALK west coast penetration and scale Two dissimilar types of merger which are consolidate overlapping routes and adding geographic scope Expected to continue at a modest pace in disjointed regions of the United States. No-frills pricing Enhancement of major carriers competitiveness through LCCs which will increase profit margins It can negatively affect the customer satisfaction level Subject to demand shocks It is expected that demand of consumers will increase in 2017 as the economy of the United States of America is improving A major risk is also there that includes risk from Zika virus and terrorist attacks If the investment rate increased in the US airlines industry, then the chances are high that it will overcome most of the issues that are not allowing the airlines industry of US to improve its profitability. On the other hand, another major problem that the airlines companies are facing from low cost carriers can also be minimized by using the recommendations stated under pricing strategy. Conclusion From the entire report, it can be concluded that the US airlines industry is not actually low on profitability. After the attacks of 9/11, the airlines industry of the US faced critical issues and downfall. Currently the situation is way better than before. However, it was expected that the industry will experience higher amount of growth from 2015 that did not happened actually. From the porters analysis, it is clear that high bargaining power of passengers along with the strong presence of low cost carriers and tremendous market competition is affecting the profitability of the overall airlines industry in the US. On the other hand, the strict rules and regulations implemented by the government to ensure customer safety is another reason that the airlines companies are forced to increase their operational cost. Operational cost is increasing; however, because of low cost carriers the airlines companies are unable to increase the ticket prices. As a result, margins of profitability are decreasing. 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