Xbox 360 Technical Instructions

Xbox 360 Technical Instructions Free Online Research Papers The electronic device I am writing about is the Xbox 360 made by Microsoft. The technical website that Xbox has is a very detailed one. (xbox.com/en-US/support/systemsetup/xbox360/default.htm) The website has everything you could ever want or need to know about your Xbox 360. It describes how to setup and trouble shoot the Xbox 360. It even goes as far to describe how to utilize the online multiplayer functions. I find the website to be confusing in nature. It has very nice illustrations explaining some of the components of the Xbox 360. Other than having some good illustrations, the website can be very confusion to the novice gamer. The layout of the website is nice, but it has way too many links leading a person off another direction. There seems to be almost as much links as there is text in the pages. The warnings seem to be hidden among the text. The warnings lack the ability to jump out at a person. The warning should be highlighted in some way to grab the reader’s attention. The website seems to be lacking concise. It has a lot of wording that makes the reader lose interest. With the heavy wording, bundled up with way too many web links, the website looks very much cluttered. Besides the nice illustrations, I find the website to be very confusing. The over abundance of web links can lead you astray. It reminds me of a bunch of rabbit trails leading off in every direction. Also the website lacks having back links inserted in support pages. This causes a person to have to close the page and find their way back to where they left off. If a person was familiar with technical stuff on the web, then this could not be a problem. But for the beginner, I guarantee that the person will have difficulty getting around. Microsoft’s Xbox 360 website is basically like all their other websites. In my opinion all Microsoft’s websites are full of confusion and lack being clean and concise. The one thing I do like about the site is the Macromedia drop down box on the left side of the web pages. I find this to be the only organized part of their site. In conclusion, if I designed the site, I think that I would implement a flash video walking a person through the setup of the Xbox 360. This would allow a novice person to be able to setup their Xbox 360 with very little issues. References xbox.com/en-US/support/systemsetup/xbox360/default.htm. Research Papers on Xbox 360 Technical InstructionsAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceMind TravelDefinition of Export QuotasThe Hockey GameHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital Punishment

Coordinating Conjunction Definition and Examples

Coordinating Conjunction Definition and Examples A coordinating conjunction is a  conjunction (such as and) that joins two similarly constructed and/or syntactically equal words, phrases, or clauses within a sentence, whether they are adjectives, adverbs, nouns, or verbs. Its also called a coordinator. The coordinating conjunctions in English are and, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet. (See the coordinating conjunction and as it functions in that list of conjunctions?) Compare their use with ​subordinating conjunctions, which join items that are not of equal weight. When joining two independent clauses to create a compound sentence, place a comma before the conjunction. When they join two verbs, for example in the case of a compound predicate, you dont use a comma before the conjunction.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Independent Clauses vs. Compound Predicates Independent clauses look  like these examples below. They each have a subject and a verb, making them complete thoughts that stand on their own: She wondered when he would get home. She decided not to call. If we were to write them as one sentence, wed either need to join them with a semicolon or a comma and a coordinating conjunction like this:   She wondered when he would get home, but she decided not to call. Note that each clause keeps its own subject and verb. If theyd be joined without the comma and conjunction, theyd be a fused sentence or a comma splice.   This version of the  sentence contains a compound predicate, two verbs that share the same subject:   She wondered when he would get home but decided not to call. Theres no comma before but because there is only one subject for both verbs. She both wondered and decided. There are no longer two independent clauses. Decided not to call cant stand on its own as a sentence. Conjunctions Starting a Sentence In some cases, a coordinating conjunction may be used as a transition at the beginning of a new sentence. It can break up a static rhythm between similarly structured sentences or lead off a very short  sentence to add emphasis to that sentence in the paragraph. Theres some debate whether writers should be able to use the conjunctions in this way or whether thats a rule that shouldnt exist. Author David Crystal explains: And at the beginning of a sentence? During the 19th century, some schoolteachers took against the practice of beginning a sentence with a word like but or and, presumably because they noticed the way young children often overused them in their writing. But instead of gently weaning the children away from overuse, they banned the usage altogether! Generations of children were taught they should never begin a sentence with a conjunction. Some still are.There was never any authority behind this condemnation. It isnt one of the rules laid down by the first prescriptive grammarians. Indeed, one of those grammarians, Bishop Lowth, uses dozens of examples of sentences beginning with and. And in the 20th century, Henry Fowler, in his famous Dictionary of Modern English Usage, went so far as to call it a superstition. He was right. There are sentences starting with And that date back to Anglo-Saxon times. (The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012) Following through with the example in the previous section, it could read like this: She wondered when he would get home. But she decided not to call. Splitting up the two sentences changes their rhythm and pacing slightly, as compared with having them joined into one sentence with the conjunction between them. Starting a sentence with a conjunction isnt a convention you want to use sentence after sentence, paragraph after paragraph, but it can serve as a tool to create drama in a passage through altering its pacing and rhythm.

Are there innate differences between women and men Research Paper

Are there innate differences between women and men - Research Paper Example Some of the areas that many people have posited men to be smatter than women include the field of science and mathematics and physical mightiness. However, feminists tend to disagree with such deliberations, citing that men and women are equal by nature, and that the only differences are as a result of how the society deals with women differently from men. The rationale for the differences While researching on the root cause of the differences between men and women, studies have attributed the differences to the fact that men’s brains are built differently from women brains. Men’s left and right brain hemispheres are linked by less neurons than are women’s. In addition, women brains are networked while me’s brains are compartmentalized (Greene, 2008). Studies have shown that men are aggressive, women are passive, in regard to personality, even if they are both intelligent. However, in many societies, men dominate especially in many areas of leadership posi tions. Studies have also documented that, for example, at an average age of six years, boys have about 7 percent more vital energy than girls of the same age. In fact, as they grow, at an age of 13 or 14, boys have 35 % more than girls. Biologically, the main male hormone is testosterone, while that of female ones is an estrogen and progesterone (Jacklin & Maccoby1987). In light with this, it is widely contented that as boys continue to grow, they start taking the personality of physique of a man while girls increase traits of a woman. In another dimension, some cultural theorists believe that the differences seen between men and women are as a result of socialization, not biological. In their argument, women are conditioned to meet men’s conditioned thus they tend to accept a patriarchal structure (Fritz, 2004). Although feminist theorists tend to be united in their view of gender differences, they argue that this should not be equated with women inferiority. Behavior, which is considered to be dysfunctional by the society, is a reflection of less privileged minorities, such as women. The environment Many feminist theories are person-in-environment oriented. The major point of focus is on interaction between personal traits and surrounding. In fact, this is what is taken to mean that politically, these differences exist between men and women are. This is attributed to the interrelationship between different events on private and public sectors. In light with this, some feminists believe that the future can witness a genderless society because it is apparent that the traits labeled to be masculine and feminine are as a result of social construct, which is a custom that is derived right from childhood as children grow (Carroll, 2010). For example, little girls are introduced to cuddly dolls and gossip while little boys are encouraged to play with other boys mostly on games that signify on superiority and leadership traits. In addition, however, differenc es noted as being contributed to human biology are responsible for the inequality between men and women, which are exhibited in all societies (Riley & Clausen, 1972). A further example is that men, in almost all cultures are take part in warfare, which is an indication that they possess biologically based traits of aggression than women. However, not all researchers agree with such arguments. According to Shaffer (2009), some believe that the level of aggressiveness varies widely between

Studying a case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Studying a - Case Study Example The paper discusses Trune’s accusation with a view of illustrating the dissenting opinion that there was no false imprisonment. The accusations of Trune that the farmer intended to confine him within fixed boundaries do not sufficiently prove the crime of false imprisonment because the farmer did not lock him in the firm house. Because the farmer did not lock the farm house, it can thus be argued that there was no false imprisonment because Trune’s freedom was not limited at all. This case can be compared with the Herbst v. Wuennenberg case in which the plaintiffs were asked by the accused to leave before the occurrence of the events which led to the legal suit. This illustrates that in the Herbst v. Wuennenberg case, the freedoms of the plaintiffs was not violated. The case led to a ruling of the appeal court that favored Wuennenberg because sufficient evidence suggested that there was no false imprisonment of the plaintiff (Supreme Court of Wisconsin 1). The actions of the farmer were motivated by the need to protect his farm from intruders and trespassers and there was no intention of leading to the confinement of the plaintiff otherwise he would have locked him in the firm yard. In the Herbst v. Wuennenberg case, the plaintiffs admitted that they were not intimidated neither threatened by the accused (Supreme Court of Wisconsin 2). On a counter argument, Trune admits that he stayed in the firm house because he feared the possible outcome of the farmer’s actions, which does not adequately substantiate the claims that his life was in immediate danger. The actions of the farmer were inn ordinary sense harmless and the plaintiff has no real evidence to prove that the farmer put him in unbearable danger. Trune’s arguments however differ with the Herbst v. Wuennenberg case on the trespass issue is compared between the two cases. Like in the case of Herbst and the other plaintiffs, Trune does not defend his reason for being on the farmer’s field.

Our Moral Responsibility to Provide Monetary Aid to Pakistani Villagers Essay Example for Free

Our Moral Responsibility to Provide Monetary Aid to Pakistani Villagers Essay In this essay, I will argue that the theory of Utilitarianism presents resilient, compelling arguments that exemplifies why we have a moral obligation to donate money to help the Pakistani villagers affected by recent floods. Though the argument put forth by Ethical Egoists in favor of donating money to the Pakistanis is convincing, it lacks the quantitative validation that Utilitarianism provides. The Perspective of an Ethical Egoist Ethical Egoism is a consequentialist moral theory that says each person ought to pursue his or her own self-interest exclusively (EMP 69). A person’s only moral duty is to do what is best for him or herself, and he or she helps others only if the act [of helping] benefits the individual in some way (EMP 63). On the surface, it appears that it is not in a person’s best self-interests to donate money to help villagers in Pakistan. The giver experiences monetary loss and the diminution of personal financial wealth, and expends time, energy, and effort in the donation-transaction process. He or she receives neither public acknowledgement nor donor recognition. There are, however, intangible benefits that the giver may reap as a result of his or her deed, such as the satisfaction that he or she receives from giving monetary aid to the Pakistanis or the happiness that he or she experiences for acting in accordance with his or her values. It is in the giver’s self-interest and, therefore, his or her moral duty to give monetary aid to those plagued by the Pakistan floods. The facts that an Ethical Egoist would consider to be important are the consequences to him or herself because Ethical Egoism is a consequentialist moral theory that revolves around the self. Consequentialism contends that the right thing to do is determined by the consequences brought about from it (Class Notes, 10/05/2010). In this case, the morally relevant facts that the Ethical Egoist is primarily concerned with are the intangible benefits and advantages that he or she would receive from giving. The Ethical Egoist would also consider the actual and implicit costs of giving aid, as they are consequences brought about from helping the Pakistani villagers. The argument put forth by Ethical Egoism is good because it is compatible with commonsense morality. To reiterate, Ethical Egoism says that â€Å"all duties are ultimately derived from the one fundamental principle of self-interest† (EMP 73). According to Hobbes, this theory leads to the Golden Rule, which states that â€Å"we should ‘do unto others’ because if we do, others will be more likely to ‘do unto us’† (EMP 74). In this case, if we do not give to others, other people will not give to us. Thus, it is to our advantage to give to others. The Utilitarian Argument Classical, or Act, Utilitarianism maintains that the morally right act is the one that yields maximum happiness for all sentient beings impartially. Utilitarianism requires us to consider the general welfare of society and the interests of other people. Giving money to help the villagers in Pakistan generates positive consequences and diminishes the negative effects of the floods. Specifically, donations for disaster relief results in the availability of medicines to treat sicknesses, the provision and distribution of cooked meals, hygiene kits, and clothing, and the reconstruction and restoration of homes and schools. In short, giving money relieves great suffering of the flood-affected Pakistanis, enhances the balance of happiness over misery, and endorses the maximum and greater good of society. Therefore, the morally right thing to do is to donate money to help the Pakistani villagers. Similar to Ethical Egoism, Utilitarianism is a consequentialist moral theory, though this theory is concerned with the greater good of society. Therefore, the morally relevant facts for a Utilitarian are the consequences to all people impartially. In this case, they include the circulation of food, clothing, medicines, and the restoration of villages. Providing monetary aid ultimately produces the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness for society. The Utilitarian argument for donating money is good because it provides calculable validation. In other words, the utility of the receivers is quantifiable and tangible (number of meals, hygiene kits, water tanks provided, number of homes rebuilt, etc. ). This tangibility clearly illustrates that the utility of the receiver exceeds the marginal cost to the giver and produces the greatest amount of happiness over unhappiness. Why the Utilitarian Argument is Stronger There is an epistemic problem that weakens the argument given by the Ethical Egoist. We do not know precisely what the consequences will be. We expect that the intangible benefits include self-satisfaction, enjoyment of giving, and happiness from providing financial aid, and we estimate that the costs consist of the actual donation payment and all related opportunity costs; however, we do not know exactly what the consequences will be and the extent of the results. It is, thus, difficult to gauge whether donating to charity is actually in the giver’s best self-interest exclusively because the associated costs may be very great (the giver may end up poorer or the donation-transaction process may be stressful; both situations would not be to his or her advantage). The immeasurability and intangibility of the benefits also weakens the argument. Ayn Rand, an Ethical Egoist, responds to this objection and asserts that it is completely moral and permissible to offer aid to others even when one does not anticipate any tangible return; â€Å"personal reasons for offering aid—reasons consistent with one’s values and one’s pursuit of one’s own life—are sufficient to justify the act† (Gordon Shannon, 10/16/2010). Rand says that personal reasons, such as values and pursuit of a flourishing life, are adequate to justify the act. We run, however, into a problem: just because we have a moral justification to give aid, does it mean we are morally required to give aid? Rand provides a moral justification, but not a moral mandate; this makes the argument put forth by Ethical Egoism weak. While Ethical Egoism provides a convincing argument and response to the objection, the Utilitarian argument is stronger because it buffers against the epistemic problem and provides quantitative, calculable validation. The problem of epistemology does not apply to or weaken the Utilitarian argument because we know what the consequences will be, based on present initiatives. Plan UK has provided cooked meals to over 250,000 people, shelter for 230,000, water tanks, hygiene kits, and medicines for thousands of families (Plan UK). We know how the money will benefit the Pakistani villagers and we can quantify the amount of happiness and good that entails the act of giving aid to others. To summarize: Ethical Egoism says that we ought to pursue our own self-interests exclusively. The morally right act is the one that benefits the self. There is, however, an epistemic problem. We do not know what the consequences will be or the extent of these outcomes. Donating to charity may not benefit the self. Utilitarianism, however, avoids the problem of epistemology and immeasurability. Therefore, Utilitarianism is the stronger argument. Conclusion In this paper, I have presented the theories of Ethical Egoism and Utilitarianism, delved into the morally relevant facts, and reflected on why each argument is good. I illustrated why Utilitarianism is stronger by appealing to a weakness of Ethical Egoism. Thus, the Utilitarian perspective that we have a moral duty to donate money to help Pakistani villagers is a better argument.

Plagiarism On The Increase Essay -- Writing Cheating Essays

Plagiarism seems to be an increasing problem in today's society, especially on college and university campuses, with the immense resources presently available to people. Previously, individuals were restricted to finding information in resources such as books, magazines, journals, encyclopedias and newspapers, but with the technology and the growth and popularity of the Internet, plagiarism has truly become an issue. There seems to be a direct correlation with the increasing use of the Internet and decreasing amount in student writing. Plagiarism.org defines plagiarism as "the improper use, or failure to attribute, another person's writings or ideas". Plagiarism can actually include such things as copying, downloading or merely altering facts and data from published work, such as websites, books, encyclopedias or magazines, copying from friends or another's work, using media without acknowledgment from the original source or citing the source in a bibliography and using work from another class without permission from professors. There is also plagiarism that occurs accidentally. Accidental plagiarism occurs "when a writer does not intend to plagiarize, but fails to cite his or her sources completely and correctly". An tremendous misunderstanding that many students tend to have is that when they put information in their own words, which is called paraphrasing, they are not committing plagiarism. However, it is plagiarism until they properly reference where they actually received the information Obviously, plagiarism involves a great number of factors and our concern. In this day and age, students are faced with huge amounts of pressure to produce many assignments and get good grades. They may resort to plagia... ...g a chocolate bar from a local convenience store and stealing another person's ideas and work? Both of these situations are wrong , yet people continue to become involved in these illegal actions. People seem to be taking advantage of the immense resources in the world today, especially because computers and the Internet have become a necessity, instead of a luxury, in households. Certainly, the Internet is an excellent source of information, only if it is used wisely and cautiously. References "What's Wrong With Copying?". Economist. April 1997. Pg 77-78. "Your Idea Is Brilliant; Glad I Thought Of It". Fortune. October 2000. Pg 412. "Cybercheats". New Republic. March 1998. Pg 14-15. Online. www.ehhs.cmich.edu. 2000 Online. www.plagiarism.org. 2001. Online. www.virtualsalt.com. 2001. Online. www.writing.northwestern.edu. 1996.

Baseball vs. Football

If you’re like most Americans, you probably have a favorite NFL team. You probably watch football games on TV and if you live in a city with an NFL team, you may shell out the cash to buy a game ticket to cheer them on. That is to say, no matter where you live, you almost certainly watch the Super Bowl, even if it’s just to check out the exciting commercials. In fact, if you’re not wearing an NFL team logo hat, T-shirt, or jacket today, you’ll almost certainly run into someone who is. The NFL, it seems, has become an unavoidable presence in American culture. Although baseball is know as America’s favorite pastime, professional football is the country’s most popular sport, and has been since the 1960’s. According to Forbes Magazine, the NFL is economically the strongest sports organization in the world today. (Vogan, T. 2011) On the other hand, baseball legends like Babe Ruth, Willie Mays, and Roberto Clemente will always be remembered, especially for their outstanding accomplishments and remarkable sportsmanship. What happened to America’s favorite pastime sport? I grew up playing my favorite game baseball. I remember playing and dreaming of being one of my favorite players. I knew the stats of every player in the baseball league. In particularly, I loved going to the ball park, eating ball park franks, and watching my baseball hero’s play. This was the most exciting childhood memory for me. For this reason, I feel sorry for today’s children. They don’t know what it’s like to sit back and enjoy baseball, like it was back in those days. My greatest fear is that baseball is no longer America’s favorite game. What caused baseball to lose its popularity? It’s not easy to pinpoint. I can only speculate as to how this happened. For one thing, all the scandals, the controversy issues, and the trikes, fans have been disappointed by the unsportsmanlike conduct that resulted from this. The 1990 season bought major controversy. For example, Pete Rose was ruled ineligible for the hall of fame by major league baseball for gambling on games. Lets not forget about the Barry Bonds incident in 2007, that convicted him for the use of steroids in every vain of his body. Certainly, all of the steroid talk led other players down the same road. Players were randomly selected and busted on drug tests, the hitters in baseball have taken a backseat to the pitchers which no one wants to see. Another key point to why baseball is losing its swag, is because the ridiculous salaries paid to the players. USA today provided a detailed report, showing the total payroll for the New York Yankees. The payroll was at a whopping $202,689,025. The average salary for each player was $6,756. 300. (USA Today, 2011) Compared to the NFL New York Giants, total payroll was a mere $138,354,866 and averaged $2,470,622 per player. (USA Today, 2011) Consequently, this has caused a lot of controversy amongst the players, owners, and the league. Let’s talk reality, baseball owners are forking out a huge amount of money, to buy themselves a World Series. In my books you can’t buy a championship. To put it another way, NFL players must display a supreme test of strength and endurance. Unlike baseball, football has a high risk factor for injuries. When comparing the compensation of two sports, it appears the risk factor hasn’t been taken into consideration. In comparison to baseball, football has gained more popularity and amongst our generation today. In 2004 Gallup polls reported that, â€Å"64% percent of Americans identified themselves as football fans, 52% said they were baseball fans. (Isley. K, 2006 pg. 1) In the NFL, we see extremely talented NFL players. Day after day, these men go out and take a beaten. They earn the salary and gain the respect they deserve. You never hear the football league talking about strikes or walkouts. Of course, there are a few football players that embarrass the profession; but the numbers are a lot less noticeable. How many World Series can compare to the excitement of the last couple Super Bowls? The NFL has been able to make the Super Bowl not only exciting with the parity of the league, but they make it the most entertaining of all championship games. In Conclusion, in football we see talented players in the game, making less money then baseball players. They appear to be more loyal and genuine to the game of football. As a kid, I was huge fan of baseball, but I don’t love what it has become. Even though my heart will always be in baseball, I can honestly say that, â€Å"I’m a bigger football fan, at this time in my life†. It appears to be true that baseball is not nearly as popular any more as it once was. Clearly, baseball is not the favorite mass media sport anymore, and hasn’t been for the last 40 years. As television replaced radio as the preferred entertainment medium, football replaced baseball as the preferred sport to watch. References Keith, Isley (2006, August 18) Really? Is baseball less popular? Hard Ball Times, Retrieved from http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/really-is-baseball-less-popular/ USA Today. (2011) Salaries Databases. Retrieved from http://content.usatoday.com/sportsdata/baseball/mlb/salaries/team Vogan, Thomas. (2011, May 02,) Historians, storytellers, mythmakers: NFL films and pro football experience. Proquest Dissertation and Theses. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/862727108?accountid=87314

The environmental, social and economic consequences of urbanisation in Bombay

Bombay is the largest city in India (but not the capital), and has a growing population of 14,350,000 people. Bombay also serves as the financial hub of India, along with a major shipping industry, heavy industrial centres and is home to the ‘Bollywood' film industry, the largest in the developing world. Due to the services available in Bombay, coupled with the hope of jobs, it is a major hub for migration of people from the countryside, a process known as urbanisation. People are drawn from a large part of western India, as well as other parts of the country looking to fill the jobs that the booming economy needs. The disparity between the ‘rich and the poor', the ‘good jobs and the menial' is vast. Bombay has many millionaires from the expanding banking sector, located in the Bandra Kurla zone, contrasted with street sellers and beggars in the shanty town areas like Dharavi, made famous through the multi Oscar winning film – Slumdog Millionaire. The problems that face the city authorities of Bombay are immense. There is a genuine struggle to keep up with making provision for the vast numbers of migrants moving to Bombay. The location of the city goes a long way to exacerbating the issues faced. Also read this  Cheating in a Bottom Line Economy Bombay was originally a collection of small fishing villages, which expanded to become an important port in the Arabian Sea, and was a major calling point for the traditional Dhows which plied the waters from Arabia, Somalia and Iran. As the city is located on a headland peninsular, this maritime orientated city thrived on the ease and convenience of the coastal access. During the days of colonialism where India was lucky to be a British Colony, Bombay was a major port of entry for people travelling to India and onwards to South East Asia and Australia. Due to this huge influx in commercial trade, the areas around the port developed extremely quickly as an area of industry and shipping related services such as import/export, cargo handling and packing. All of this went a long way to the urbanisation of Bombay, drawing in more farming people when they learned of the prospects available to them. Following the British withdrawal in 1947, this upwards ‘boom' only increased. Nowadays, it is a huge problem for city planners and developers. The site of the city is hugely restricted resulting in the eventual creation onto the mainland in the form of a â€Å"greater metropolitan area†. These new sites, onto which the city has expanded, are becoming very overcrowded even 100 years ago. Today, the density is just under 60,000 people per square mile. Due to popular demand, the price of inner city land has risen astronomically, a feature of all developing cities. As a result, rather incongruously, the land prices in Bombay are among the highest in the world. This just adds to the overcrowding of the slums, as people are forced to live there as they are unable to afford anything in the city where property costs in the region of US$3180 per sq. t. this, coupled with the short supply of housing, results in an accelerated growth of shanty towns, another case example being the farvelas on the outskirts of many (expansive) Brazilian cities such as Sio Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is an inescapable upwards escalation into greater levels of poverty, as new migrants to the city locate themselves on the edges of the slums, furthest away from the centre of the city, where the jobs are located and are often built on dangerous land (old mines, near railways, on river marshland etc. and very few have land rights, so there are just squatters with no legal protection. This is a major environmental issue and also poses significant problems to the inhabitants' health, in a country where the death rate is already 7. 9/1000 (as of July 2009) and where the average life expectancy is just 60. Levels of sanitation in the slum areas, such as Dharavi are often of a substandard level. Sewage removal and treatment is minimal and in most areas, non-existent. Running clean water is also scarce, leaving children and babies without adequate levels of hygiene, needed to grow healthily. Electricity connections are also very sparse, so people have to make do with more primitive methods, often far more dangerous than modern methods, such as cooking for example. All of these issues have major social consequences, as the people become ‘trapped' in a permanent state of poverty, unable to better their lives, but remain as it is perceived to have a better standard of living than in the rural areas. In Dharavi itself, the Indian local governments in Bombay and the Maharashtra state are planning a large-scale redevelopment of Dharavi. They plan to clear away areas of the slum housing section by section, replacing the little 1 or 2 storey shacks with 7 floor tenement blocks. Families who can prove they have lived in Dharavi since at least 1995 will; receive free new housing, and everyone will receive temporary accommodation for the duration of the massive redevelopment programme. The remainder of the new housing will be sold cheaply (or rented) on the open and free market that India enjoys with its relatively stable political and economic situation. This however, though it would improve the situation for over 600,000 people rather drastically, it will create a lot of significant conflicts between residents and developers, and may be seen by some as a bit too ‘idealistic', just like Mandela's promise to black South Africans for better housing. The reality is, that these things take time to materialise, if they ever do. The project will not even go ahead unless a majority of the [registered] residents of Dharavi agree to do so. This means that those residents who are not officially registered as residents of Dharavi (a large number of migrant squatters), will not have their opinions counted in any capacity. It is also widely feared that such a development would not yield economic benefits for the developers, and so, much needed residential accommodation for the [ex] residents of Dharavi, will be used for commercial and office space to serve the ever expanding business sector – defeating the whole initial development objective. In conclusion, from the evidence laid out, it is clear that Bombay is suffering heavily as a result of mass urbanisation, and has done throughout its history, spanning back to even before the colonial days of the Raj. Projects such as the expansion of the Bandra Kurla complex threaten the condition of the poorer people, often illegally squatting on land, and are planned to solely benefit the banking and business/commerce sector. Migration from the countryside rural areas adding the issue of urbanisation are increasing the population at a large rate. Alongside this, poor planning and mismanagement from the authorities, failing to address the genuine needs of the city, all result in a city with gigantic disparity, overcrowding in slums and an ‘all encasing' state of impoverishment for the vast majority of the population of the city.

Ethics of Same Sex Marriage Essay Essays

Ethics of Same Sex Marriage Essay Essays Ethics of Same Sex Marriage Essay Paper Ethics of Same Sex Marriage Essay Paper Society has many positions on same sex relationships and matrimonies. people are either for it or against it. In this paper. we will first expression at same sex matrimony in America and how homophiles and straight persons feel about the issue. We will look into the ethical issue that same sex matrimony nowadayss. We will look at how the classical theory of how deontology would decide the issue of same sex matrimony. Following. we will contrast deontology with the position of relativism. Finally. we will see which of these positions on same sex matrimony is closest to my ain personal positions. The ethical ground behind why people in society believe that same sex matrimony is incorrect is merely due to favoritism. Society does non hold a valid ground why same sex matrimony should non be allowed ; it is merely merely based on one’s ain biased concluding for non leting it. Same sex matrimony is something that people have been contending for rights for many decennaries. Andrew Koppelman ( 2004 ) . celebrated journalist and writer. provinces that â€Å"Most Americans agree with the first sentence of the proposed amendment: â€Å"Marriage in the United States shall dwell merely of the brotherhood of a adult male and a adult female. The chief inquiry this raises is whether this regulation is of import plenty to enshrine in the Constitution† ( p. 4 ) . Many Americans can hold that the first sentence of the amendment is wide and that it invalidates domestic partnership Torahs that allow same sex couples the rights of matrimony without the name ( Koppelman. 2004 ) . Marriage is non merely a word but instead an establishment. which the amendment makes impossible for same sex matrimony to hold the rights to that establishment. In 1996. the defence of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) prevented the federal authorities from acknowledging same sex matrimonies and allows single provinces to hold the power to specify their ain household Torahs. This allows each single province to take whether to disregard the first sentence of the amendment or hold with the first sentence of the amendment when make up ones minding whether or non do same sex matrimony legal in one’s ain province. With this being said. a governor can take to let same sex matrimony in the province they govern ; nevertheless. when that governor’s clip has lapsed and another individual takes over. that individual can make up ones mind to take same sex matrimony. All of same sex twosomes that were married in that province are now no longer considered married in the eyes of the jurisprudence any longer. Besides if a same sex twosome gets married in their current province that they reside in where same sex matrimony is considered legal ; so the twosome decide to travel to another province that does non let same sex matrimony. they are so non considered married in the eyes of the jurisprudence in the current province that they are now populating in ( Koppelman. 2004 ) . In The Limits to Union: Same-Sex Marriage and the Politicss of Civil Rights. Jonathan Goldberg-Hiller ( 2002 ) writes that homosexual rights militants have been contending for same sex matrimony rights since 1970. In 1990. one homosexual twosome and two sapphic twosomes applied for a matrimony licenses in Hawaii at the section of wellness. several people in the provinces made attempts to dispute the matrimony Torahs and were denied. In 1991. the three twosomes hired a local civil rights lawyer proceeded to action the province circuit tribunal for misdemeanors of their rights of privateness and equal protection. The justice ruled that the same sex twosomes did non bask the right to get married. which followed with the twosomes registering for an entreaty in 1993 with the province supreme tribunal. The province supreme tribunal made the first national opinion that rejecting same sex matrimony applications was unconstitutional gender favoritism. but didn’t show a province involvement. The province at the clip felt that non leting same sex matrimonies did non uphold moral values and protect kids and filed for a gesture to reconsider ; nevertheless. it was rejected in the Supreme Court ( Goldberg-Hiller. 2002 ) . Like Hawaii. many same sex twosomes have fought their province circuit tribunal all the manner up to their supreme tribunal and have been contending for many old ages to legalise matrimony in their province and have been unsuccessful. In 2004. Connecticut. Iowa. New Hampshire. Vermont. Massachusetts. New York. the District of Columbia and two Native American tribal legal powers have legalized same sex matrimonies. As the old ages go on. more and more same sex twosomes will go on to contend for their right to get married who they choose and more provinces will finally let same sex twosomes their rights to get married whomever they choose ( Koppelman. 2004 ) . Those that are oppose same sex matrimony concentrate their logical thinking on spiritual beliefs. Same sex twosomes do non desire to be treated as 2nd category citizens. they do non concentrate on what faith provinces ; they merely want to be treated every bit equal as straight persons when it comes to their right. Same sex twosomes believe if one is to exclude any category of people from get marrieding whomever they choose. it so deprives them of their societal establishment ; that many experience defines the most meaningful portion of life. to get married person one loves. Same sex twosomes believe that their relationships are no different than that of a heterosexual matrimony. Same sex twosomes can hold keep a place together. supply an environment that kids can boom in and care for each other the same as heterosexual married twosomes do ( Goldberg-Hiller. 2002 ) . In Attributions and the Regulation of Marriage: Sing the Parallels between Race and Homosexuality. Mark Joslyn and Donald Haider-Markel ( 2005 ) writes that for many people. these yearss. the issue of same sex matrimony is an ethical contention. Same sex relationships have been considered tabu and an ethical issue in many topographic points throughout the United States. Many people oppose same sex matrimony and the rights of homophiles. The hereafter for same sex matrimony and civil brotherhoods appears to be really bright for legal acknowledgment. Lesbians and homosexuals had major reverses in 2004 election. nevertheless. many feel that was merely a velocity bump. In Ethical motives and Social Responsibility. Kurt Mosser ( 2010 ) explains that moralss are the concern of what is morally right or incorrect to an person. Ethical motives is the survey of what I ought to make or what should other people do. The doctrine known as moralss forces persons to see whether the things we do are right or incorrect. good or bad. immoral or moral. Ethical issues have relationships even with spiritual traditions and legal political philosophies ( p. 2 ) . In Marriage. Autonomy. and the Feminine Protest. Debra Bergoffen ( 1999 ) explains that the ethical issues and the ethical jobs same sex matrimony nowadayss is that society feels that if they make same sex matrimony legal. the same sex twosome would so destruct the significance of matrimony. To society. that significance of matrimony is reproduction and the instruction of kids. Reproduction is non possible with the same sex. for it takes a adult male and a adult female to do a kid. Marriage is considered the ethical site of a twosome and a determination people make to keep a peculiar manner of being. So. society feels that since same sex spouses can non reproduce and hold kids that they should non be able to get married. Some work forces and adult females can non gestate a kid and procreate due to medical jobs from either the adult male or adult female. Many heterosexual spouses. with the aid of engineering these yearss. use ways of birthrate such as unreal insemination. egg contributions. alternate female parents and acceptances. So reproduction is non ever executable with straight persons. So the statement of that matrimony should be merely among adult male and adult female for the interest of reproduction is really unfair. A sapphic twosome can so hold a kid with the aid of sperm contribution and a cheery twosome can hold a kid with the aid of surrogacy or acceptances ( Joslyn A ; Haider-Markel. 2005 ) . If straight persons have the same issue as homophiles. in respects to reproduction. so one can state ethically it is just to let same sex spouses to so get married To society. these yearss it is non uncommon to walk down the street and see a adult male and adult male. or adult female and adult female keeping custodies and it is considered normal to many Americans. However. to the older coevalss. they feel that a adult male and adult male. or adult female and adult female should non be together. even though it is a portion of society these yearss ; they have a difficult clip holding and understanding same sex relationships. The ethical values of person from the 1960ss are traveling to be different from person who was brought up in this twenty-four hours and age ( Bergoffen. 1999 ) . Ethical motives allows one to find what is right and incorrect. nevertheless. what we consider right or incorrect is based on our upbringing and encompassing civilization with other theories like deontology. we can see how these ways of life can be incorporated into society. The classical theories of deontology would decide the job of same sex matrimony. Deontology looks at the ground and regulation for why an act was done. alternatively of the effects from the act. Deontology focuses on what we are obliged to make as moral human existences. Deontology realizes that all actions have effects ; nevertheless. those effects whether or non actions are ethical should non be determined by the actions effects. Deontologists feel that people have an duty or responsibility to handle other human existences with regard. self-respect and take their self-respect into consideration when 1 has to cover with another individual. as we expect them to make when person has to cover with us. One can non utilize another individual nor can another individual utilize them to acquire what one wants ( Mosser. 2010 ) . Deontological theory of how one should be treated allows same sex twosomes to be treated as merely and just as straight persons are treated. With deontology. people have the right to be who they are and is non just to outcast others for any ground ( Mosser. 2010 ) . With this manner of thought. society should legalise same sex matrimonies and so all will be treated reasonably and rightly. When one says that a individual can non get married person because they are get marrieding person of the same sex. as oppose to opposite sex. is non handling person with regard and self-respect. Treating a individual this manner is alternatively out projecting them as different and who are we to do that judgement in society? Deontology would repair this manner of thought in society. for people would handle same sex couples the same as heterosexual twosomes. therefore leting people to love and get married who they choose. non who society says they should get married. When one contrasts the theory of deontology with the position of relativism. one looks at two positions that sort of work together. Where deontology focuses on what we are obliged to make as moral human existences. where relativism focuses on an individual’s moral claims that are either right in a civilization or incorrect for society. Relativism is where an individual’s values and beliefs are merely understood in one’s ain civilization. society or one’s ain personal values. With relativism. one may happen oneself debating with another individual over what athletics is considered the best athletics. One individual may believe that their point of view is more superior than the others view point of the issue. It is merely merely that one individual was raised with different positions than the other. Deontology would so come in and would reprobate some actions. if those actions violate the cardinal regulation of handling others reasonably and rightly ; therefore leting persons to hold their ain beliefs or positions ( Mosser. 2010 ) . To look at relativism and deontology together in respects to same sex matrimonies would assist societies with covering with same sex matrimony. If society looked at the issue through the position of deontology. they would look at the state of affairs in a moral manner that every homo being deserves to be treated reasonably no affair the state of affairs. Society with the position of relativism would hold one’s ain positions on the affair of same sex relationships and matrimony based on 1s upbringing and civilization and would accept what the civilization says is ethical. So. a society that outlaws same-sex matrimony would be acceptable to a relativist. However. with deontology in head. society would handle same sex spouses the same as straight persons. Even though each person has one’s ain positions and beliefs on same sex matrimony ; with deontology one is non allowed to see the effects of same sex matrimony. alternatively to merely handle others as human existences with the same regard and self-respect that one would desire done unto them ( Mosser. 2010 ) . My positions on same sex matrimony travel along with deontology and relativism. I was raised in a household where we were taught certain ways of life but non to judge others for the manner of life another may take to populate. With relativism. one would look at every state of affairs based on how 1s civilization and ociety around them brought them up. For me. same sex matrimony is something I feel should be allowed. I grew up holding many homosexuals and sapphic friends and to me it is normal for person to day of the month person of the same sex. I do besides experience that merely because it is something that another individual feels is right does non intend I have to hold with it to do it go on. When another individual marries the same sex. it is them that are in that relationship non anyone else. so why does it pique or ache others to see person happy? Even if it is something a individual is non comfy with. who are they to judge? Would society be alright with person stating them who they can or can non get married? Some civilizations matrimony is pre-arranged ; nevertheless. for many people in the United States straight persons are free to get married whomever they choose excessively. With deontology and relativism in head. society can hold their positions on same sex matrimony. but non allow one’s ain positions cause them to handle others different than one would desire to be treated. In my first-year twelvemonth in high school. I moved from California to Virginia where I was introduced to a whole new manner of life compared to ways of life I knew in California. With relativism. I was used to certain ways of being that to me made Virginia a unusual topographic point to populate in. It was in high school that I encountered my first homosexual individual. At first. the whole manner of thought to me was incorrect. immoral and non how the Bible said relationships should be. I now see that turning up. my female parent thought in ways of deontology and would ever explicate to me. whenever I was confused. about ethical values and how whether we feel something is morally right or incorrect it does non do others ways of life morally incorrect. As the old ages past. I was one of the bridesmaid’s in a nuptials of my two beloved sapphic friends. held in Las Vegas. Even though their manner of life was non the manner I choose to populate. it did non give me the right to judge them for who they loved and who they wanted to get married. At their nuptials. I could see that the two were happy and in love and a twelvemonth subsequently. with the sperm contributions of our friend. the two had a beautiful babe miss. With relativism and ethical upbringing. 1s positions on who they marry is their ain positions ; with deontology. one accepts everyone for their ain positions and upbringing even if they do non understand it but one does non judge it. In decision. we have seen now that the ethical ground behind why people in society believe that same sex matrimony is incorrect is merely due to favoritism. We have. besides. seen that society does establish their belief of ame sex matrimony on one’s ain biased concluding. non because it is harmful to society or anything that can be justified. It is merely a position of relativism. one’s ain beliefs based on their society and upbringing. We have besides seen that if society looked at same sex matrimonies with the positions of deontology. society would be able to see things as they are and non know apart and justice others for their beliefs and positions. Society would handle everyone as they would desire to be treated and same sex twosomes would be allowed to take who they want to get married. merely as heterosexual twosomes choose who they want to get married.

Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great

Roman Emperor Theodosius the Great Under Emperor Valentinian I (r. 364-375), army officer Flavius Theodosius was stripped of command and exiled to Cauca, Spain, where he had been born in about 346. Despite such inauspicious beginnings, Theodosius, with his 8-year-old son installed  in name  as ruler of the Western Empire, became the last emperor to rule the  entire Roman Empire  in fact. Probably two to three years after Valentinian exiled Theodosius (and executed his father), Rome needed Theodosius again. The empire was a formidable power at this time. Thus it was against all odds that on August 9, 378 the Visigoths trounced the  Eastern Empire  and killed its emperor (Valens [r. A.D. 364-378]) at the momentous  Battle of Adrianople. Although it took a while for the after-effects to play out, this defeat is a major event to look at when tracing the  fall of the Roman Empire. With the eastern emperor dead, his nephew, the western Emperor Gratian, needed to reclaim command of  Constantinople  and the rest of the eastern part of the empire. To do so he sent in his best general- the formerly-exiled Flavius Theodosius. Dates: A.D. c. 346-395; (r. A.D. 379-395)Place of Birth: Cauca, in Hispania [see sec. Bd on Map]Parents: Theodosius the Elder and Thermantia Wives: Aelia Flavia Flaccilla;Galla Children: Arcadius (made Augustus on 19 January 383), Honorius (made Augustus on 23 January 393), and Pulcheria;Gratian and Galla Placidia(by adoption) Serena, his niece Claim to Fame: The last ruler of the entire Roman Empire; effectively put an end to pagan practices. Theodosius Hazardous Rise to Power Theodosius own father had been a senior military officer in the Western Empire. Emperor Valentinian had honored him by appointing him magister equitum praesentalis Master of the Horse in the Presence of the Emperor (Ammianus Marcellinus 28.3.9) in 368 and then executed him in early 375 for unclear reasons. Perhaps Theodosius father was executed for trying to intercede on behalf of his son. At about the time Emperor Valentinian executed his father, Theodosius went into retirement in Spain. It was only after Valentinians death (November 17, 375) that Theodosius regained his commission. Theodosius obtained the rank of the magister militum per Illyricum Master of the Soldiers for the Prefecture of Illyricum in 376, which he kept until January 379 when Emperor Gratian appointed him co-Augustus to replace Emperor Valens. Gratian may have been coerced into making the appointment. Barbarian Recruits The Goths and their allies were ravaging not only Thrace but also Macedonia and Dacia. It was the eastern emperor, Theodosius job to suppress them while the western emperor, Gratian attended to matters in Gaul. Although Emperor Gratian provided the Eastern Empire with some troops, Emperor Theodosius needed more because of the devastation that had been caused by the Battle at Adrianople. So he recruited troops from among the barbarians. In an only partially successful attempt to stave off barbarian defection, Emperor Theodosius made a trade: he sent some of his new, questionable recruits to Egypt to be exchanged for presumed-loyal Roman soldiers. In 382 Emperor Theodosius and the Goths reached an agreement: Emperor Theodosius permitted the Visigoths to retain some autonomy while living in Thrace, and many of the Goths enlisted in the imperial army, and especially the cavalry, which had proved to be one of the Roman weaknesses at Adrianople. The Emperors Their Domains From Julian to Theodosius Sons. (Simplified) NB: Valeo is the Latin verb to be strong. It was a popular base for mens names in the Roman Empire. Valentinian was the name of 2 Roman emperors during the lifetime of Theodosius, and Valens was that of a third. Julian Jovian (West) (East) Valentinian I / Gratian Valens Gratian / Valentinian II Theodosius Honorius Theodosius / Arcadius Maximus Emperor In January of 383, Emperor Theodosius named his young son Arcadius successor. Maximus, a general who had served with Theodosius father and may have been a blood relative, may have hoped to be named, instead. That year Maximus soldiers proclaimed him emperor. With these approving troops, Maximus entered Gaul to face Emperor Gratian. The latter was betrayed by his own troops and killed in Lyons by Maximus Gothic magister equitum. Maximus was preparing to advance on Rome when Emperor Gratians brother, Valentinian II, sent a force to meet him. Maximus agreed to accept Valentinian II as ruler of part of the Western Empire, in 384, but in 387 he advanced against him. This time Valentinian II fled to the East, to Emperor Theodosius. Theodosius took Valentinian II into protection. Then he led his army to fight against Maximus in Illyricum, at Emona, Siscia, and Poetovio [see map]. Despite many Gothic troops defecting to Maximus side, Maximus was captured and executed at Aquileia on August 28 , 388. (Valentinian II, Theodosius brother-in-law through his second marriage, was killed or committed suicide in May of 392.) One of the defecting Gothic leaders was Alaric, who fought for Emperor Theodosius in 394 against Eugenius, another pretender to the throne which he lost in the civil war battle on the river Frigidus in September and then against Emperor Theodosius son, but is best known for sacking Rome. Stilicho From the time of Emperor Jovian (377), there had been a Roman treaty with the Persians, but there were skirmishes along the borders. In 387, Emperor Theodosius magister peditum praesentalis, Richomer, put an end to these. Conflict over Armenia picked up again, until another of Emperor Theodosius officials, his magister militum per Orientem, Stilicho, arranged a settlement. Stilicho was to become a major figure in Roman history of the period. In an effort to tie Stilicho to his family and presumably strengthen the claim of Emperor Theodosius son Arcadius, Emperor Theodosius married his niece and adoptive daughter to Stilicho. Emperor Theodosius appointed Stilicho regent over his younger son Honorius and possibly (as Stilicho claimed), over Arcadius, as well. Theodosius on Religion Emperor Theodosius had been tolerant of most pagan practices, but then in 391 he sanctioned the destruction of the Serapeum at Alexandria, enacted laws against pagan practices, and put an end to the Olympic games.  He is also credited with putting an end to the power of the Arian and Manichean heresies in Constantinople while establishing Catholicism as the state religion. Sources DIR - TheodosiusNotitia DignitatumMagnus Maximus (383-388 A.D.) Theodosius(www.suc.org/exhibitions/byz_coins/present/Theodosius_I.html 06/26/01) Theodosius IAmmianus, Theodosius and Sallusts JugurthaThe Roman Magistri in the Civil and Military Service of the Empire, by A. E. R. Boak.  Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. 26, (1915), pp. 73-164.

Research Study on the Position of the Unites States in World Politics Paper

Study on the Position of the Unites States in World Politics - Research Paper Example ormation of a nation’s view about its importance and role in the world, but also, and perhaps more importantly, determine the manifestations of thus conceived role in trade, culture, diplomacy or war2. In the realm of world politics, however, the position of a state in the international system, along with interstate interactions, is the subject matter of a particular area of study, namely International Relations, usually defined as protracted competition between realist, liberal and radical traditions, or schools of thought3. Realism, as the dominant theoretical tradition throughout the second half of the twentieth century, most notably the Cold War, describes international affairs as â€Å"a struggle for power among self-interested states† within an anarchic environment, where each state seeks to survive on its own4. Liberalism, in turn, includes various theories such as some that regard the interactions between domestic actors – either in the political, societal or economic spheres – as the most important explanatory factors, as well as others that are predominantly focused on political constitutions, economic systems or dominant ideologies5. This paper is intended to examine the set of domestic and international factors and developments that brought about or/and facilitated the US rise to the position of global superpower during the twentieth century, in order to determine whether or not the country is able to retain this position in the years or decades to come. Being based on historical evidence, as well as taking into consideration the theoretical discourse on the basic forces that shape international outcomes6, the paper attempts an insight into China’s ability to challenge or successfully contest the current US supremacy. Historians widely agree that America’s isolationism from the early twentieth century, i.e. from the 1920s to 1940s, should be ascribed to then domestic political priorities such as the commitment to economic development and